شناسایی ویژگی‌های معلم اثربخش در آموزش مجازی دوران کرونا - رویکرد فراترکیب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه فلسفه تعلیم و تربیت، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شیراز

2 استادیار گروه مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شیراز

3 دانشجوی دوره دکتری مدیریت آموزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شیراز

4 دکتری برنامه‌ریزی درسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی،‌ دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش شناسایی ویژگی‌های معلم اثربخش در آموزش مجازی دوران کروناست. طرح این پژوهش سنتزپژوهیِ کیفی از نوع فراترکیب تبدیلی است و با استفاده از روش شش مرحله‌ای سَندِلوسکی و باروسو انجام شده است. طی مراحل، ضمن انتخاب گروه فراترکیب، سؤال پژوهش و معیارهای شمول مقالات مشخص شدند و در جست‌وجوی نظام‌مند منابع در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی لاتین، با توجه به معیار خروج، 45 مقالۀ اصیل انتخاب شدند. سپس ضمن استخراج مضامینِ پایه تعداد 54 مضمونِ پایه تثبیت شد که به 8 مضمون سازمان‌دهندۀ سطح اول و سپس به 3 دسته مضامین سازمان‌دهندۀ سطح دوم شامل حضور شناختی (توسعۀ مفاهیم خود در دانش‌آموز، درگیری شناختی دانش‌آموزان، پشتیبانی فعالیت‌های دانش‌آموز)، حضور اجتماعی (توانایی ایجاد فعالیت‌های گروهی، توانایی مدیریت فعالیت‌های گروهی حین تدریس) و حضور تدریس (مهارت در ساماندهی دانش تدریس خود، شناخت مفاهیم نظری تدریس در محیط‌های الکترونیکی، طراحی و اجرای تدریس الکترونیکی) تبدیل شدند. درنهایت، تمامی مضامین مذکور در قالب مضمون فراگیر ویژگی‌های معلم اثربخش در آموزشِ مجازی ارائه شدند. همچنین با استفاده از روش‌های اعتبارپذیری و انتقال‌پذیری، اعتباریابی یافته‌ها انجام شد. ماهیت تأثیر تسهیلگری معلم در آموزش‌های مجازی دوران کرونا و توجه متولیان امر آموزش به تغییرات امر تعلیم‌وتربیت و گرایش به‌سمت آموزش الکترونیکی‌ آنان را به بازنگری روال‌های آموزشی معطوف و ترغیب می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying an effective teacher characteristic during corona era virtual instruction - A meta synthesis approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bābak Shamshiri 1
  • Maryam Shafi’i Sarvestāni 2
  • Fāteme Mirghafāri 3
  • Ali Javānmard 4
1 (PhD), Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2 (PhD), Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
3 , PhD Candidate in Educational Management at Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
4 , PhD in Curriculum Planning, Graduated from Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of an effective teacher in virtual education in the Corona era. It was a qualitative synthesis research of the conversion meta- synthesis type and it has been conducted using Sandlowski and Barroso’s six-step method. During the steps, while selecting the meta-synthesis team, the research question and the inclusion criteria for including the papers were determined, and during the systematic search of resources in Latin databases, 45 original papers were selected according to the exclusion criteria. Then, while extracting the basic themes, 54 basic themes were established which were converted into 8 organizing themes of the first level and then 3 categories of organizing themes of the second level including cognitive presence (development of self-concepts in students, students' cognitive involvement, support of student activities), social presence (ability to create group activities, ability to manage group activities while teaching) and teaching presence (skill in organizing their teaching knowledge, understanding the theoretical concepts of teaching in e-environments, designing and implementing e-teaching). Finally, all the mentioned topics were presented in the form of the comprehensive theme of the effective teacher characteristics in virtual education. In the sixth step, findings were validated using validation and transferability techniques. The nature of the teacher’s facilitating role in virtual education during the corona era and the attention of those in charge of education to changes in education and its tendency towards e-learning encourages them to review the educational procedures.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Effective Teacher
  • Cognitive Presence
  • Social Presence
  • Presence of Teaching
  • Meta Synthesis Approach
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