شکاف نسلی و راهبردهای یاددهی و یادگیری در دورۀ ابتدایی: رویکردی آینده‌پژوهانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری برنامه‌ریزی درسی، دانشکدۀ علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان

2 استاد گروه برنامه‌ریزی درسی، دانشکدۀ علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان

3 دانشیار گروه برنامه‌ریزی درسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان

4 استادیار گروه مهندسی صنایع و آینده‌پژوهی، دانشکدۀ فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه اصفهان

چکیده

جهان آینده مقارن با تحولاتی شگرف و بی‌سابقه در عرصه‌های علم و فناوری و انتقال اطلاعات خواهد بود. زیستن در چنین جهانی موجب می‌شود تا شکاف عمیقی میان نسل نوظهور یادگیرندگان با عنوان «نسل آلفا» با نسل‌های پیشین پدید آید و شیوه‌های مرسوم یادگیری را ناکارآمد سازد. ازاین‌رو، هدف این پژوهش شناسایی خصوصیات نسل نوظهور یادگیرندگان و طراحی راهبردهای یاددهی و یادگیری مناسب بر مبنای آن‌ها در دورۀ ابتدایی بود. به این منظور از روش فراتحلیل کیفی و ابزار تحلیل محتوا با نرم‌افزار Atlas.ti8 استفاده شد. در بخش نتایج، در گام اول، خصوصیات نسل آلفا در قالب نُه مقوله شناسایی و توضیح داده شد. در گام دوم، مفاهیم و گزاره‌های مرتبط با یاددهی و یادگیری در قالب هفت مقوله استنباط و سپس مقوله‌های مذکور برای تدوین راهبردهای یاددهی و یادگیری مناسب برای نسل آلفا استفاده شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد نسل آلفا تمایل دارند هدایت یادگیری خود را به عهده گیرند، مرزهای میان یادگیری رسمی و غیررسمی را از میان بردارند و روش‌های تعاملی را جایگزین روش‌های یک‌سویه و سنتی انتقال اطلاعات کنند. در پایان سه رویکرد عمده برای تلفیق و به‌کارگیری این راهبردها پیشنهاد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The generation gap and teaching and learning strategies at primary school level: A futuristic approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elhām Yousefi Hamedāni 1
  • Ahmadrezā Nasr Isfahani 2
  • Yāsamin Ābedini 3
  • Mohsen Tāheri Demne 4
1 , PhD Candidate in Curriculum Planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2 (PhD), University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
3 (PhD), University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
4 (PhD), University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The world of the future will coincide with the dramatic and unprecedented developments in the fields of science, technology and information transmission. Living in such a world creates a large gap between the emerging generation of learners called the "alpha generation" and the previous generations, making conventional learning methods inefficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of the emerging generation of learners and designing the appropriate teaching and learning strategies at primary school level. This research was based on the qualitative meta-analysis method using conventional content analysis and the data were analyzed by Atlas.ti8 software. In the results section, in the first step, the characteristics of the alpha generation have been identified and explained through nine categories. In the second step, the concepts and propositions related to teaching and learning were inferred in the form of seven categories. These categories were then used to develop teaching and learning strategies, appropriate for the alpha generation. Findings showed that the alpha generation tend to lead their learning, blur the boundaries between formal and informal learning, and replace the traditional one-way method of information transmission with the interactive ones. Finally, three main approaches were proposed to integrate and apply these strategies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Teaching and Learning Strategies
  • Digital Age
  • Generation Gap
  • Alpha Generation
  • Primary school Education
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