بررسی اثربخشی مداخلة آموزش مثبت بر بهزیستی (شکوفایی)، ابعاد مختلف توانمندی های شخصیتی و خوش بینی دانش آموزان

نویسندگان

1 دکترای رشتة روان‌شناسی تربیتی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی. دانشگاه سمنان

2 دانشیار گروه روان‌شناسی تربیتی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی. دانشگاه سمنان.

3 کارشناسی ارشد روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی. دانشگاه سمنان

چکیده

روان شناسی مثبت، عبارت از مطالعة علمی شکوفایی انسان و یک رویکرد عملی برای بهینه سازی زندگی افراد است. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی تأثیر اجرای مداخلة آموزش مثبت بر شکوفایی، توانمندی های شخصیتی و خوش بینی دانش آموزان پایة نهم بود. شرکت کنندگان، 46 دانش آموز دختر پایة نهم بودند. برای انتخاب آن ها، از مدارس متوسطة اول دولتی منطقة 9 شهر تهران دو مدرسه به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند که یک مدرسه به عنوان گروه آزمایش (22=n) و مدرسة دیگر به عنوان گروه کنترل (24= n) در نظر گرفته شد. شرکت کنندگان هر دو گروه، مقیاس های بهزیستی، توانمندی های شخصیتی و خوش بینی را تکمیل کردند. سپس برنامة آموزش مثبت مبتنی بر رویکرد روان شناسی مثبت، در گروه آزمایش اجرا شد. سپس داده ها با مدل تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیری تجزیه وتحلیل شد. یافته ها نشان داد که در گروه تحت آموزش با برنامة آموزش مثبت، سطح بهزیستی به طرز معناداری بالاتر از گروه کنترل است. به علاوه، دانش آموزان گروه آزمایش در میزان توانمندی های شخصیتی به نحو قابل توجهی ارتقا پیدا کردند. از این میان، طبقة مربوط به تعالی دارای بیشترین اندازه اثر و طبقة مربوط به پرهیزگاری، دارای کمترین اندازه اثر بودند. بااین حال، این مداخله بر متغیر خوش بینی اثر معناداری نداشت. برنامة آموزش مثبت به طرز چشمگیری قادر به افزایش سطح بهزیستی و توانمندی های شخصیتی دانش آموزان است. به علاوه، یافته های این پژوهش دربارة آموزش مثبت، نشان داد که یادگیری مهارت های روان شناسی مثبت به دانش آموزان و گنجاندن آن ها در چارچوب برنامه های موجود در مدرسه، نویدبخش پیامدهای مثبت فراوانی در زمینة سلامت روان و عملکرد تحصیلی آتیه سازان این کشور خواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effectiveness of positive education on well-being, character strengths and optimism of students

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sorayyā Hakimi 1
  • Siāvash Tālepasand 2
  • Zahrā Sājedi 3
1 PhD Candidate in Educational Psychology at University of Semnān, (corresponding autor)
2 (PhD), University of Semnān
3 MA student in Educational Psychology at University of Semnān
چکیده [English]

Positive psychology is the scientific study of human flourishing and a practical approach to optimize the individual’s life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of positive education on well-being, character strengths and optimism of ninth grade students. Participants included 46 female ninth grade public school students. To select the sample, two schools were randomly selected from among the 1st cycle secondary schools of Tehran. The students selected from one school were considered as experimental group (n=22) and the students selected from the other school were considered as control group (n=24). Participants in both groups completed the questionnaires of well-being, character strengths and optimism. Then, positive education was performed in the experimental group. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance model. The results showed that the level of well-being in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group after intervention (Eta=0.32). Besides, the character strengths of students in the experimental group were significantly enhanced in which the most effect was on transcendence virtue (Eta=0.68) and the least effect was on temperance virtue (Eta=0.52). However, this intervention had no significant effect on optimism. It could be concluded that positive education was able to increase significantly the level of well-being and character strengths of students. In addition, findings of this research on positive education showed that teaching the positive psychological skills to students and incorporating these skills into school curriculum will result in mental health and educational improvement of students.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Positive Education
  • Well-Being
  • Character Strengths
  • optimism

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