چارچوب محتوای ریاضی در آموزش‌های فنی‌و‌حرفه‌ای ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دکترای آموزش ریاضی، کارشناس پژوهشی پژوهشکده برنامه‌ریزی درسی و نوآوری‌های آموزشی، سازمان پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی

چکیده

آموزش‌های فنی‌و‌حرفه‌ای در پشتیبانی توسعة اجتماعی و اقتصادی نقش بسزایی ایفا می‌کنند. در ضمن آموزش‌های ریاضی از مهارت‌های پیچیده در این آموزش‌ها محسوب می‌شوند، هرچند نتایج آزمون‌های پیشرفت تحصیلی ریاضی در آموزش‌های فنی‌و‌حرفه‌ای، کمبود توانایی ریاضی را در بین این دانش‌آموزان نشان می‌دهد. مطالعة حاضر، محتوای ریاضی ارائه‌شده در آموزش‌های فنی‌و‌حرفه‌ای در دو برنامة درسی قبلی و جدید را بررسی می‌کند. برای این منظور، یک تحقیق با رویکرد آمیختة سلسله‌مراتبی اکتشافی با استفاده از منابع تحقیق و دیدگاه‌های کارشناسان در رشته‌های زمینة صنعت در آموزش‌های فنی‌و‌حرفه‌ای ایران و نیز کارشناسان ریاضی انجام شد. نمونه‌ها به‌صورت هدفمند برای شرکت در این مطالعه انتخاب شدند. اعضای گروه‌های تخصصی در دفتر برنامه‌ریزی و تألیف آموزش‌های فنی‌و‌حرفه‌ای ابزارهای محقق ساخته را کامل کردند و داده‌های حاصل از این ابزارها، با استفاده از شاخص‌های آمار توصیفی، ازجمله فراوانی و میانگین، تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند. علاوه بر این، کتاب‌های ریاضی فنی‌وحرفه‌ای در دورة قبلی شامل ریاضیات 1، ریاضیات 2 و ریاضی 3 فنی‌وحرفه‌ای تحلیل محتوا شدند. نتایج تحلیل محتوا مهم‌ترین مفاهیم بایستة ریاضی در آموزش‌های فنی‌و‌حرفه‌ای را نشان می‌دهند. ارائة مفاهیم آماری و هندسی در کتاب‌های ریاضی فنی‌وحرفه‌ای و نیز نرم‌افزارهای ریاضی از مهم‌ترین کمبودهای کتاب‌های ریاضی در دورة قبلی موردمطالعه بودند. همچنین، شرکت‌کنندگان اذعان داشتند، علاوه بر حساب، باید ریاضیات که شامل فرایند‌‌های ریاضی مثل حل‌مسئله و استدلال است نیز برای هنرجویان آموزش‌های فنی‌وحرفه‌ای ارائه شوند.
علاوه بر این، کتاب‌های ریاضی دورة دوم متوسطة جدید با عنوان ریاضی (1) دهم، ریاضی (2) یازدهم و ریاضی (3) دوازدهم فنی‌وحرفه‌ای تحلیل محتوا شدند و موارد موردنیاز برای بازنگری در خصوص کتاب‌های جدید نیز ارائه شد.
نتایج این مطالعه می‌تواند در تألیف کتاب‌های ریاضی و سایر محتوای ریاضی در آموزش‌های فنی‌و‌حرفه‌ای در دورة متوسطه و نیز بعد از آن، در آموزش‌های رسمی و غیررسمی، مدنظر قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Mathematics content framework in Iran’s technical and vocational education

نویسنده [English]

  • Fereshte Zeinivandneghād
PhD, mathematics education, Organization for Educational Research and Planning, Institute of Curriculum Planning and Educational Innovation, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Technical and vocational education plays an important role in supporting the social and economic development. Mathematics education is one of the complex skills in such education. However, the results of mathematics achievement tests in technical and vocational education show the shortage of mathematical abilities among its students. This research studies the mathematics content framework presented in technical and vocational education in the previous and new curriculum. To do so, several questionnaires were developed based on the Iranian mathematics curriculum standards, the research literature and the experts’ point of views through an exploratory mixed methods research. The research sample was selected through purposeful sampling method. The questionnaires were developed in Excel format so that the participants could easily choose the desired options. They were filled in by a committee in the ministry of education of Iran. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency and mean. Additionally, content analysis of mathematics textbooks of the previous and existing curriculum was used to determine the framework for mathematics requirements in technical and vocational education in Iran. Findings showed the most important mathematical requirements in technical and vocational education. Statistical applications, geometry concepts and software packages were some shortcomings in technical and vocational education at secondary school level. Besides arithmetics, participants mentioned that vocational mathematics should involve mathematics processes including problem solving and reasoning. Findings also could be used when developing the mathematics textbooks and other mathematics contents in technical and vocational education at secondary school level and after that at both formal and informal levels.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mathematics
  • Technical and Vocational Education
  • Technical and Vocational Mathematics
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