Comparative study of career guidance curriculum to provide guidelines for the Iranian education system

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD Candidate in Curriculum Studies at University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 (PhD), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 (PhD), Research Institute of Technology Studies, Presidential Institution, Tehran, Iran

Abstract


The purpose of the present study was to identify and evaluate career guidance curriculum in the world countries. The research method was descriptive and document analysis with comparative approach. The research population consisted of the career guidance curriculum in the countries of the world and the research sample consisted of the career curriculum and work-based education of UK and Australia's Victorian Career Curriculum which were selected purposefully. The model of John Stuart Mill's method of agreement and difference was used. The data collection, document extraction, and data analysis were done using content analysis method. In this study, we described the differences and similarities between the main elements of the curriculum (goals, time, content, teaching-learning, evaluation methods) in the UK's career curriculum and work-based education and Australia's Victorian Career Curriculum. Also, to judge the validity of documents and evidences, the external and internal criticism have been considered. The results of analyzing and comparing the differences and similarities of the main elements of the curriculum (purpose, time, content, teaching-learning methods-assessment) showed that the orientation of both curricula is education with a career-based approach, however, the career curriculum and work-based education covers a wide variety of goals and implementation time, compared to the Victoria Career curriculum. The results of examining the content element in both curricula indicated three stages of personal development, career exploration and career management. Examining the elements of teaching-learning strategies and assessment showed that what is important in both career guidance curricula is the use of new and active methods alongside the traditional methods. Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested to the policy makers of the educational system of Iran to design a career guidance curriculum according to the characteristics of the elements of the career guidance curriculum in successful countries.

Keywords

References

ایزدی، علی‏اصغر. (1394). خدمات راهنمایی و مشاوره در مدارس. رشد آموزش مشاور مدرسه،10(4)، 40-43.
برنامۀ درسی ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران. (1391). شورای عالی آموزش‏وپرورش. قابل بازیابی از: 
https://mebtedaei.yazdedu.ir/documents/110271/0/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87%20%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C%20%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%2B%20%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF.pdf?version=1.0&t=1467084820547
پیراسته، سیده مرجان. (1394). نقش مشاوره‏ای کارکنان مدرسه در سلامت روان دانش‌آموزان. نشریۀ سلامت و تندرستی در مدارس، 1(2)، 49-54.
حسینی، سید مهدی. (خردادماه، 1381). طرح نظام مشاوره و راهنمایی در مقاطع مختلف تحصیلی. در زینت اثباتی (ویراستار)،  مجموعه مقالات همایش ملی مهندسی اصلاحات در آموزش‌وپرورش (صص. 211-224)، پژوهشکده تعلیم و تربیت.
رحیمی، روح‏الله. (1397). چالش‏های عمدۀ خدمات راهنمایی و مشاوره در دورۀ اول متوسطه. رشد آموزش مشاور مدرسه، 14(2)، 30-36.
زرافشان، علی. (1395). هدایت تحصیلی دانش‏آموزان چگونه انجام می‏شود؟ رشد آموزش فنی‏وحرفه‏ای و کاردانش، 43، 22-27.
سند تحول بنیادین آموزش‏وپرورش. (1390). شورای عالی انقلاب فرهنگی. قابل بازیابی از: https://sccr.ir/Files/6609.pdf.
صادقی، احمد.، باغبان، ایران.، بهرامی، فاطمه.، احمدی، سید احمد. و مولوی، حسین. (1391). بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر رشد مسیر شغلی دانش‏آموزان سوم راهنمایی تا پیش‏دانشگاهی شهر اصفهان. دستاوردهای روان‏شناختی (علوم تربیتی و روان‏شناسی)، 4(1)، 1-18.
طالب‏زاده، محسن.، عارفی، محبوبه و عدالت‏جو، علی. (1385). بررسی تأثیر گذراندن درس برنامه‏ریزی تحصیلی شغلی بر خودشناسی، شناخت رشته‏های تحصیلی و مشاغل و مهارت‏های برنامه‏ریزی و تصمیم‏گیری دانش‏آموزان سال دورۀ دوم متوسطه. پژوهشنامة تربیتی، 2(4)، 91-118.
معدن‏دار آرانی، عباس و کاکیا، لیدا. (1394 ). آموزش‏وپرورش تطبیقی چشم‏اندازهای نوین (چاپ دوم). انتشارات آییژ.
علیدوست ابدی‏خواه، محمدعلی. (1370). تحقیق دربارۀ ملاک‏ها و ضوابط هدایت تحصیلی، محاسبه و تعیین همبستگی بین نمرات دروس توصیه‏نامۀ تحصیلی و موفقیت تحصیلی دانش‏آموزان رشته‏های مختلف متوسطۀ نظری، فنی‏وحرفه‏ای شهر تهران و بررسی علایق تحصیلی و شغلی و عوامل مؤثر در انتخاب رشتۀ تحصیلی دانش‏آموزان (طرح پژوهشی). وزارت آموزش‏وپرورش، معاونت آموزشی، دفتر آموزش ابتدایی و راهنمایی.
فولادی، عزت‏اله. (1397). نظام راهنمایی و مشاوره در آموزش‏وپرورش: نگاهی تحلیلی به هدایت تحصیلی. رشد آموزش مشاور مدرسه، 14(2)، 46-53.
نویدی، احد. (1396). هدایت تحصیلی در نظام آموزش‏وپرورش ایران: تجارب عملی و چالش‏های پایدار. تعلیم و تربیت، 34(1)، 9-34.
Amir, T., Gati, I., & Kleiman, T. (2008). Understanding and interpreting career decision-making difficulties. Journal of Career Assessment, 16(3), 281-309.
Athanasou, J. A., & Van Esbroeck, R. (2008). International handbook of career guidance (pp. 695-709). Springer.
Bureau, E. (2014). Guide on life planning education and career guidance for secondary schools. https://lifeplanning.edb.gov.hk/uploads/page/attachments/Guide%20on%20LPE%20and%20CG_06092021%20%28EN-Final%29_v1.pdf.
Campbell, R. E., & Cellini, J. V. (1981). A diagnostic taxonomy of adult career problems. Journal of CareerBehavior, 19(2), 175-190.
Career Development Institute (CDI). (2012). Association for Careers Education and Guidance (ACEG) framework for careers and work-related education. http://www.cegnet.co.uk/uploads/resources/ACEG-Framework-final.pdf.
Career Guidance Washington. (2016). Navigating College & Career Readiness for All Students. Washington State Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction. https://www.k12.wa.us/sites/default/files/public/ossi/k12supports/careercollegereadiness/pubdocs/handbookcareerguidancewashington.pdf.
Collins, G.R (2007) Christian counselling (3rd edition.) Thomas Nelson Publishers.
Department of Education Victorian (DEV). (2012). Aligning the Australian Curriculum with the Victorian Careers Curriculum Framework. https://education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school/teachers/teachingresources/careers/carframe/auscurricmapping.pdf.
Grier-Reed, T. L., & Skaar, N. R. (2010). An outcome study of career decision self-efficacy and indecision in an undergraduate constructivist career course. The Career Development Quarterly, 59(1), 42-53.
McMahon, M. L. (1992). Examining the context of adolescent career decision making. Australian Journal of Career Development, 1(1), 13-18.
McMahon, M., & Patton, W. (1995). Development of a Systems Theory of Career Development: a brief overview. Australian Journal of Career Development, 4(2), 15-20.
Ministry of Education. (2009). Career education and guidance in New Zealand schools. https://nzcurriculum.tki.org.nz/Curriculum-resources/Career-education.
Ministry of Education British Columbia. (2018). Career Education 10-12 Guide. https://curriculum.gov.bc.ca/sites/curriculum.gov.bc.ca/files/curriculum/career-education/en_career-education_10-12_career-education-guide.pdf  .
Ministry of Education Ontario. (2006). Guidance and Career Education Curriculum. http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/curriculum/secondary/guidance910currb.pdf.
Ministry of Education Singapore. (2012). Educational and Career Guidance. https://apcda.wildapricot.org/resources/Documents/2016Conference/261_Overview_ECG%20in%20Sg%20Schs.pdf  .
Osipow, S. H. (1999). Assessing career indecision. Journal of Careerbehavior, 55(1), 147-154.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2019). Education at a Glance 2019 OECD Indicators. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/f8d7880d-en.pdf?expires=1584018862&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=8AC632693AB0C738352654CA6C6E99F5
Patton, W., & McMahon, M. (2014). Career development and systems theory: Connecting theory and practice (Vol. 2). Springer.
Patton, W., & McMahon, M. (Eds.). (1997). Career development in practice: A systems theory perspective. New Hobsons Press.
Rounds, J.B., Jr., & Tinsley, H.E.A. (1984). Diagnosis and treatment of vocational problems. In S. Brown & R. Lent (Eds.), Handbook of Counseling Psychology (pp. 137-177). Wiley.
Roosevelt Public School. (2009). career education and family and life skill curriculum guide. http://www.rps1.org/assets/careereducationcurr.pdf.  
Super, D. E. (1980). A life-span, life-space approach to career development. Journal of Careerbehavior, 16(3), 282-298.
Tinsley, H. E. (1992). Career decision making and career indecision. Journal of CareerBehavior, 41, 209-211.
Texas Education Agency, Austin. (2004). A Model Developmental Guidance and Counseling Program for Texas Public Schools. A Guide for Program Development Pre-K-12Th Grade. Texas Education Agency.
Wang, J. L., Zhang, D. J., & Shao, J. J. (2010). Group training on the improvement of college students' career decision-making self-efficacy. Health, 2(06), 551-556.
Journal of Educational Innovations
Volume 20, Issue 4 - Serial Number 80
December 2021
Pages 209-244

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 26 May 2020
  • Revise Date: 06 December 2020
  • Accept Date: 06 March 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics