راهبردهای معناسازی معلمان در مدیریت کلاس در بحران کرونا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، بخش مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی، دانشکدۀ علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

2 مدرس، گروه آموزش علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، شیراز، ایران

3 دکتری برنامه‌ریزی درسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

4 کارشناسی‌ارشد برنامه‌ریزی درسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

5 دانشجوی دکتری برنامه‌ریزی درسی، گروه مطالعات برنامۀ درسی و آموزش، دانشکدۀ علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران

6 کارشناسی‌ارشد تحقیقات آموزشی، دانشگاه پیام نور شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

شیوع بیماری کرونا و محدودیت در زیرساخت‌های فناورانۀ کشور نهادهای آموزشی را با بحران جدی مواجه ساخت؛ ازاین‌رو معلمان ناگزیر به آموزش مجازی روی آوردند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی راهبردهای معناسازی معلمان در مدیریت کلاس در بحران کروناست. این پژوهش از پژوهش‌های کیفی و از نوع روایت‌پژوهی با رویکرد تفسیری است. مشارکت‌کنندگانِ بالقوۀ این پژوهش تمامی معلمان رشته‌های گوناگون دبیری شهر شیراز در سال تحصیلی 1400-1401 را شامل می‌شوند و روش پژوهش نیز مصاحبۀ نیمه‌ساختاریافته است. در انتخاب آزمودنی‌ها، از رویکرد هدفمند ملاکی و معیار اشباع نظری بهره جستیم که درنهایت هفده معلم برگزیده شدند. همچنین داده‌ها را با استفاده از روش تحلیل مضمون به‌شیوۀ آتراید ـ استرلینگ تجزیه‌وتحلیل کردیم. پس از استخراج و دسته‌بندی موضوعی نیز چهار مضمون سازمان‌‌دهنده را تحت عناوین ذیل به دست دادیم: راهبردهای مبتنی بر سواد فناورانۀ معلم، راهبردهای مبتنی بر مهارت‌های ارتباطی معلم، راهبردهای مبتنی بر مهارت‌های تخصصی معلم در تدریس، راهبردهای مبتنی بر مهارت‌های ارزشیابی معلم.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Meaning-making strategies of teachers in classroom management during the Corona crisis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Mohammadi 1
  • Rezā Nāseri Jahromi 2
  • Solmāz Khādemi 3
  • Sedighe Shādi 4
  • Marziye Mesgarpoor 5
  • Zahrā Hesāmpoor 6
1 (PhD), Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2 (PhD), Farhangiān University (Shiraz Branch), Shiraz, Iran
3 , PhD in Curriculum Planning, Graduated from Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
4 , MA in Curriculum Planning, Graduated from Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
5 , PhD Candidate in Curriculum Planning at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
6 , MA in Educational Research, Graduated from Payāme Noor University (Shiraz Branch), Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The spread of the Corona epidemic and the limitations in Iran’s technological infrastructures led to a serious crisis in educational institutions, so teachers were forced to use virtual education. The aim of the present study was to investigate the meaning-making strategies of teachers in classroom management during the Corona crisis. This study has been part of a qualitative research of narrative type with an interpretive approach. The potential participants of this research were all the teachers of various courses in Shiraz in the academic year 1400-1401 and the research tool was a semi-structured 
interview. To select the sample, purposeful criterion-based approach and theoretical saturation criteria were used, and finally 17 teachers were included in the group of participants. Data analysis was done using Attride-Stirling method of thematic analysis. After thematic extracting and categorizing, four organizing themes were extracted including the strategies based on teacher’s technological literacy, strategies based on teacher’s communication skills, strategies based on teacher’s specialized teaching skills, and strategies based on teacher’s evaluation skills.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Narrative Research
  • Teacher
  • Meaning Making Classroom Management
  • Corona
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Allen, C. D. & Penuel, W. R. (2015). Studying teachers’ sense making to investigate teachers’ responses to professional development focused on new standards. Journal of Teacher Education, 66(2), 136-149.‏
Attride-Stirling, J. (2001). Thematic Networks: An Analytic Tool for Qualitative Research. Qualitative Research, 3, 385-405.
Bertrand, M. & Marsh, J. A. (2015). Teachers’ sense making of data and implications for equity. American Educational Research Journal, 52(5), 861-893.‏
Brown, A. D., Colville, I., & Pye, A. (2015). Making sense of sense making in organization studies. Organization studies, 36(2), 265-277.
Chu, Y. (2021). Sense making of University and District Stakeholders in Implementing a Teacher Residency Policy in Louisiana. Journal of Teacher Education, 73(3). 45- 67.‏
Daniel, J. (2020). Education and the COVID-19 pandemic. Prospects, 49(1), 91-96.‏
Degn, L. (2018). Academic sense making and behavioral responses–exploring how academics perceive and respond to identity threats in times of turmoil. Studies in Higher Education, 43(2), 305-321.
Dolfing, R. (2013). Teachers’ Professional Development in Context-based Chemistry Education: Strategies to Support Teachers in Developing Domain-specific Expertise [Doctoral dissertation, Utrecht University]. https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/282739
Dolfing, R., Prins, G. T., Bulte, A. M., Pilot, A., & Vermunt, J. D. (2021). Strategies to support teachers' professional development regarding sense‐making in context‐based science curricula. Science Education, 105(1), 127-165.
Ganon-Shilon, S. & Schechter, C. (2017). Making sense of school leaders’ sense-making. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 45(4), 682-698.‏
Hamid, R., Sentryo, I., & Hasan, S. (2020). Online learning and its problems in the Covid-19 emergency period. Jurnal Prima Edukasia, 8(1), 86-95.‏
Ketelaar, E., Beijaard, D., Boshuizen, H. P., & Den Brok, P. J. (2012). Teachers’ positioning towards an educational innovation in the light of ownership, sense-making and agency. Teaching and teacher education, 28(2), 273-282.
Ketelaar, E., Koopman, M., Den Brok, P. J., Beijaard, D., & Boshuizen, H. P. (2014). Teachers’ learning experiences in relation to their ownership, sense-making and agency. Teachers and Teaching, 20(3), 314-337.
Kokkinos, C. M. (2007). Job stressors, personality and burnout in primary school teachers. British journal of educational psychology, 77(1), 229-243.
Lathifah, Z. K., Helmanto, F. & Maryani, N. (2020). The practice of effective classroom management in COVID-19 time. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(7), 3263-3271.‏
Lincoln, Y. S. & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage.
Luttenberg, J., Veen, K. V., & Imants, J. (2013). Looking for cohesion: The role of search for meaning in the interaction between teacher and reform. Research papers in education, 28(3), 289-308.
März, V. & Kelchtermans, G. (2013). Sense-making and structure in teachers’ reception of educational reform. A case study on statistics in the mathematics curriculum. Teaching and teacher education, 29, 13-24.
McArdle, K. & Coutts, N. (2010). Taking teachers' continuous professional development (CPD) beyond reflection: Adding shared sense-making and collaborative engagement for professional renewal. Studies in continuing education, 32(3), 201-215.
Olmstead, A. & Turpen, C. (2017). Pedagogical sense making or “doing school”: In well-designed workshop sessions, facilitation makes the difference. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 13(2), Article 020123. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.13.020123
Pajares, M. F. (1992). Teachers’ beliefs and educational research: Cleaning up a messy construct. Review of educational research, 62(3), 307-332.
Pirolli, P. & D. M. Russell. )2011(. Introduction to this special issue on sense making. Human-Computer Interaction, 26(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370024.2011.556557
Rosebery, A. S. & Puttick, G. M. (1998). Teacher professional development as situated sense‐making: A case study in science education. Science Education, 82(6), 649-677.
Sandelowski, M. & Barroso. J. (2007). Handbook for synthesizing qualitative research. Springer.
Sari, T. & Nayır, F. (2020). Challenges in distance education during the (Covid-19) pandemic period. Qualitative Research in Education, 9(3), 328-360.‏
Sawyers, M. (2020). Governing in Crisis: sense making and sense giving in Virginia school districts during COVID-19 [Doctoral dissertation, Vanderbilt University Institutional Repository]. https://ir.vanderbilt.edu/handle/1803/16335.
Shim, T. E. & Lee, S. Y. (2020). College students’ experience of emergency remote teaching due to COVID-19. Children and youth services review, 119(3), 143- 145.‏
Spillane, J. P., Reiser, B. J., & Reimer, T. (2002). Policy implementation and cognition: Reframing and refocusing implementation research. Review of Educational Research, 72(3), 387–431.
Tuvi‐Arad, I. & Blonder, R. (2010). Continuous symmetry and chemistry teachers: Learning advanced chemistry content through novel visualization tools. Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 11(1), 48–58.
Weick, K. E. (2001). Making sense of the organization. Blackwell.
Weick, K. E. (2006). Faith, evidence, and action: Better guesses in an unknowable world. Organization studies, 27(11), 1723-1736.
Yerrick, R., Parke, H. & Nugent, J. (1997). Struggling to promote deeply rooted change: The “filtering effect” of teachers' beliefs on understanding transformational views of teaching science. Science education, 81(2), 137-159.